Earth
Shoring
Cantilever
Shoring
Internally Braced
Shoring
Secant Pile Wall Shoring
Soldier Pile and Tieback Shoring
Soil Nail Shoring
Cantilever
Shoring
Typically used when the vertical
face of the excavation is less
than 20 feet, cantilever shoring
consists of soldier piles and lagging.
Soldier piles are constructed with
steel I-beams. Wood or steel plate
lagging is then placed between
the I-beams to hold the earth in
place.
Internally Braced Shoring
Internally braced shoring systems
consist of soldier piles, lagging
and internal braces. The internal
braces are rakers or struts. Rakers
are structural members that diagonally
brace the vertical walls by transferring
the load to the bottom of the excavation.
Struts are placed between the two
sides of the excavation so that
they brace each other. Internally
braced shoring systems can be constructed
to depths approaching 100 feet.
Internally braced shoring systems
are useful when there are property
line and utility boundary concerns.
Secant Pile Wall Shoring
Continuous Flight Auger (CFA)
equipment is employed to construct
a secant pile wall. Simply put,
secant piles are overlapping concrete
piles that form a strong, watertight
barrier. On the first day of drilling, “soft” piles
are drilled in predetermined spots.
On the following day, “hard” piles
are drilled in between the soft
piles. These piles actually core
into the soft piles on either side
of them. The hard piles are made
of high strength concrete, and
are often reinforced with steel
I-beams or cages.
The end result
is a continuous intersecting line
of concrete piles that can be placed
before any excavation is performed.
Secant pile walls are frequently
constructed in closed shapes to
form cofferdams.
Soldier
Pile and Tieback Shoring
Tiebacks may be used in conjunction
with soldier piles to replace the
bracing elements of internally
braced shoring systems. Tiebacks
are constructed by drilling a small
diameter shaft into which a steel
reinforcing member is inserted.
Grout is then pumped into the shaft
surrounding the tieback steel.
After curing, the whole assembly
is stressed by a hydraulic jack
and locked off at specified design
loads.
Numerous rows of tiebacks
may be required depending on the
depth of the excavation. Tieback
technology provides for an unlimited
depth of excavation. Property and
utility lines in close proximity
to the excavation can be a concern
to horizontal tieback drilling.
Soil Nail Shoring
Similar to tiebacks, soil nails
are installed in rows across the
excavation’s face. The number
of soil nails per row is dependent
on earth conditions and design
loads. Soil nail shoring systems
include steel bars grouted in place
with cement. Steel reinforcing
mesh is laid over the face of the
excavation connecting the steel
bars together. 3000-4000 psi concrete
is then sprayed over the mesh in
the form of shotcrete.
In general,
this process is repeated in 4'
to 6' intervals until the depth
of the excavation is reached. Depending
on the types of soil, soil nail
shoring systems can be constructed
to depths of
100 feet.
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